Tuberculosis Comprehensive Clinical Reference

On March 24, 1882, Dr. Robert Koch announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium causing tuberculosis (TB). Koch’s achievement was the first step towards developing

tools to control TB. Despite initial success with the discovery of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy 60 years ago, the tubercle bacillus has been a tenacious human enemy, hard to conquer, and today TB disease still kills 5,000 people daily; that is one person every 20 seconds. More than 80 percent of TB cases arise in only 22 countries, most of which are under-resourced. One-third of the world’s population is infected with M. tuberculosis, and 5 to 10 percent of infected people are likely to develop active TB; for those

infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and very young children, the likelihood of developing and dying from TB is much higher. In 2005, an estimated 1.8 million people died of TB; 195,000 were HIV co-infected. Today, fuelled by the HIV epidemic, TB disproportionately affects young adults in their most

productive years. It is pushing medical research to its limits with synergic efforts, interdisciplinary approaches, and translational research using the latest technology. M. tuberculosis and HIV co-infection produces a deadly partnership making both infections more destructive together than alone. This is most apparent in Africa where, according to World Health Organization (WHO), TB cases increase 10 percent annually in the wake of increasing levels of HIV infection and, directly and indirectly, involve increasing numbers of children. TB control programmes worldwide are increasingly faced with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) unresponsive to treatment that may return control programmes to the pre-antibiotic era, unless care is taken of currently existing drugs and new classes of anti-tuberculosis drugs are developed.

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Clinical Asthma

Asthma is one of the most common respiratory disorders in the world, yet there is no single comprehensive source to provide assistance to the clinician in the assessment and management of this condition. In Clinical Asthma, we have sought to bring together world experts in the field of asthma to provide a practical and useful resource for all who take care of patients affected by this disease. This textbook is written

for students, clinicians, educators, and researchers who are seeking an authoritative, up-to-date source about asthma. We believe all individuals working with patients affected by asthma should have ready access to such a resource. In this first edition of Clinical Asthma, we have purposefully incorporated two recently updated international guidelines. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), released in 2006, and the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) Expert Panel Report 3, released in 2007, have been extensively incorporated throughout each chapter. 

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Dengue Fever

In the 1960s, many of the infectious diseases that had terrorized generations were tamed. After a century of advances, the leading killers of Americans both young and old were being prevented with new vaccines or cured with new medicines. The risk of death from pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), meningitis, influenza, whooping cough, and diphtheria declined dramatically. New vaccines lifted the fear that summer would bring polio, and a global campaign was on the verge of eradicating smallpox worldwide. New pesticides like DDT cleared mosquitoes from homes and fields, thus reducing the incidence of malaria, which was present in the southern United States and which remains a leading killer of children worldwide. New technologies produced safe drinking water and removed the risk of cholera and other water-borne diseases. Science seemed unstoppable. Disease seemed destined to all but disappear. But the euphoria of the 1960s has evaporated.

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Rheumatology

The international team of editors representing a broad spectrum of academic and clinical rheumatology and biomedical, clinical, and epidemiological research has again brought together a group of internationally

renowned authors to deliver essential information on the scientific basis of rheumatic disease and the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of all musculoskeletal

and rheumatic disorders. Rheumatology, fifth edition, builds on the success of the fourth

edition. As stated by Professor Jan Dequeker in his review: “The fourth edition of Rheumatology is the most comprehensive authoritative rheumatology text designed to meet the complete needs of all practicing

and academic rheumatologists as well as arthritis-related health care professionals and scientists interested in disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The edition is firmly grounded on modern medical science, integrating the relevant basic biology with current clinical practice, easily accessible, user-friendly and a beautifully illustrated color publication.”

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Essential Cardiology

This second edition reflects the very rapid advances that have been made in our understanding
and management of cardiovascular disease since the first edition was published in 2001. All of the
chapters have been extensively reviewed and rewritten. There are now two chapters on acute
coronary syndromes, reflecting the modern classification: one on unstable angina pectoris and
non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and the other on ST-segment elevation
myocardial infarction. Otherwise the format of the first edition has been retained, to include
sections on epidemiology, cardiovascular function, examination and investigation of the patient,
disorders of rhythm and conduction, heart failure, congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease,
valvular heart disease, hypertension, and other conditions affecting the heart. I am also very happy
to welcome Drs. Arnold M. Katz, Martin M. Goldman, David Benditt, Edward K. Kasper, and
Roger J. Hajjar as new senior authors.
I wish also to thank Pedro Perez for his superb contributions to the artwork, my assistants,
Maria Anthony and Anitra Collins, and Paul Dolgert, John Morgan, Patricia Cleary, and Donna
Niethe, and the editorial, production, and composition departments of Humana Press for their
encouragement and hard work.

Clive Rosendorff, MD, PhD, FRCP

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Clinical Nuclear Cardiology

This book first appeared in 1993; the preceding third edition was published in 2005. Each new edition has

been associated with significant expansion, revision, and updating, as well as significant changes in orientation

that reflect new advances in the field. At the time of this fourth edition, nuclear cardiology is firmly established

as a key noninvasive modality for the clinical evaluation of patients with cardiovascular disease. Concomitantly, there have been further advances in instrumentation, radiopharmaceutical development, and new clinical research, leading to additional understanding of clinical utility, cost-effectiveness, appropriateness, and relationship of imaging findings to patient outcomes. Nuclear cardiology has been incorporated into major large multicenter clinical trials. In addition, as other modes of cardiovascular imaging have approached maturity, there has been movement toward integrating the various imaging modalities under the broad umbrella of cardiovascular multimodality imaging. The cardiovascular imager of the future will likely be trained in more than one modality and will be housed in dedicated imaging centers that offer a variety of imaging approaches. It will be the imager’s job to determine the study most appropriate for answering the posed clinical question. In recognition of this trend, new chapters are included in this edition that provide additional focus on non-nuclear cardiovascular imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast echocardiography. The fourth edition continues to focus on nuclear cardiology and represents a major effort to incorporate new advances in clinical nuclear cardiology, thereby

providing a road map for up-to-date clinical use. In addition, we seek to point out the new directions in which nuclear cardiology as well as integrated cardiovascular imaging are headed. Our goals in the fourth edition continue to be twofold: first, to present the most up-to-date and comprehensive clinically applicable data available in the field, thereby offering both the practitioner and student/trainee the current clinical state of the art; and second, to present the newest andmost exciting directions in the field that reflect both technologic and biological advances. To meet these combined goals, the book has once again expanded—now to a total of 45 chapters— and also includes a totally new and expanded atlas of case presentations to provide concrete examples of the clinical relevance of nuclear cardiology.  

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Current Diagnosis and Treatment Nephrology and Hypertension

The first edition of Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Nephrology & Hypertension features practical, up-to-date, referenced information on the care of patients with diseases involving the kidneys and hypertension. It also covers dialysis and transplantation, as well as new areas of specialization, such as critical care nephrology and interventional nephrology. This book emphasizes the clinical aspects of renal care while also presenting important underlying principles. Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Nephrology & Hypertension provides a practical guide to diagnosis, understanding, and treatment of the medical problems of all adult patients in an easy-to-use and readable format.

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Horrisons Principles of Internal Medicine

The first edition of Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine was published more than half a century ago. Over the decades, this textbook has evolved to reflect the continuing advances in the field of internal medicine and to meet the growing information base required of medical students and clinical practitioners. The users of this sixteenth edition of Harrison’s will not even have to open the volume to see that it marks a transition point in the book’s history. The new cover is only the most obvious indication of a new direction for Harrison’s. In shaping and revising this new version, the Editors have committed themselves to making the textbook as useful as possible to students and practitioners coping with the demands of modern medicine. The growth of evidence-based medicine, the prominence of managed care, and the explosion of information in fundamental areas such as the genetics of disease are only three of the many factors that make

these demands different from those faced by physicians only a decade ago. Just as the cover retains key elements of the classic book, the content of the sixteenth edition retains the essential facts that remain clinically useful and important. However, through modifications in both its format and its content, the new Harrison’s addresses the changing needs of its readers. The sixteenth edition of Harrison’s has a full-color format that facilitates quick reference and allows the inclusion of hundreds more high-quality illustrations than in previous editions. We expect that the reader’s convenience will be well served by the placement of color illustrations within the chapters rather than in the separate color atlas used in earlier editions. While providing the basic-science information that is critical to an understanding of biology and pathophysiology, this edition focuses more directly and extensively than ever on crucial aspects of clinical practice. Areas of emphasis include the approach to the patient, differential diagnosis, state-of-the-art treatment options, and disease prevention. Key topics, such as the immune system and HIV infection/AIDS, are covered in chapters amounting to “mini-textbooks.” New sections offer information on the formidable challenges posed by critical care medicine and by the threat of bioterrorism. New chapters provide coverage of highly relevant clinical topics such as disease screening, perimenopausal management and hormone replacement therapy, and end-of-life care. Virtually every chapter in this edition has been substantially rewritten, and 46 chapters either are entirely new or have new authors.

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